William Bradford Shockley was an American physicist and inventor. Born in London, England, on February 13, 1910, William Bradford Shockley studied physics at the California Institute of Technology, graduating in 1932. When World War II broke out, Shockley became involved in radar research at the Bell Labs in Manhattan (New York City). 

William B. Shockley worked with John Bardeen and Walter H. Brattain, using semiconductors to control and amplify electronic signals. The team developed the point-contact transistor in 1947, and, a year later, improved on it with the junction transistor, a device that largely replaced the bulkier and less-efficient vacuum tube, and ushered in the age of microminiature electronics.

Shockley established the Schockley Semiconductor Laboratory in 1955, also becoming a professor at Stanford University. The following year, he shared the 1956 Nobel Prize for Physics with Bardeem and Brattain for the invention of the transistor, now considered one of the greatest breakthroughs in technological history.

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